Ms BOSTANCI introduced different forms of migration in various European countries and the European Union (EU), which have historically led to different responses to the practical and theoretical implications. In recent years, European discourses about diversity created by migration, have begun to converge on the concept of integration, often seen to be the middle ground between previous assimilationist demands for complete incorporation into the receiving society and separation or exclusion from it. However, beyond this and the widespread assumption that integration is a linear, purposive process aiming for a clear outcome, it is far from clear what integration means.

Ms BOSTANCI set out different types of migrations, responses and attitudes, conventional ways of making sense of integration in the European context. Due to their conceptual underpinnings, these are definitely relevant to policy in the field of diversity and integration beyond that particular geo-cultural space.